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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

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FORM 20-F

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(Mark One)

☐REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from         to

OR

☐SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

Commission File Number: 001-40298

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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

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Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

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Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

452,898,177 Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share, and 73,973,970 Class B ordinary shares, par value
US$0.0001 per share, as of December 31, 2021.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

☐ Yes ☒ No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards^† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

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Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

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If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

☐ Yes ☒ No

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13, or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

☐ Yes ☐ No

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INTRODUCTION

In this annual report, except where the context otherwise requires, unless otherwise indicated and for purposes of this annual report only:

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We present our financial results in RMB. We make no representation that any RMB or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or RMB, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all. The PRC government imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of RMB into foreign exchange and through restrictions on foreign trade. This annual report contains translations of certain foreign currency amounts into U.S. dollars for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise stated, all translations of Renminbi into U.S. dollars were made at the rate at RMB6.3726 to US$1.0000, the exchange rate as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in effect as of December 30, 2021.

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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

This annual report on Form 20-F contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. These statements are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify these forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “future,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to, among other things:

These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results could be materially different from our expectations. Important risks and factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from our expectations are generally set forth in “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview,” “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects,” and other sections in this annual report. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and have filed as exhibits to this annual report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The forward-looking statements made in this annual report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

PART I

Item 1.Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers

Not applicable.

Item 2.Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

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Item 3.Key Information

Our Holding Company Structure and Contractual Arrangements with the VIE

Smart Share Global Limited is not a PRC operating company, but rather a Cayman Islands holding company with no equity ownership in the VIE. Our Cayman Islands holding company does not conduct business operations in China directly, but through (i) our PRC subsidiaries and (ii) the VIE in China with which we maintain contractual arrangements. PRC laws and regulations impose certain restrictions on foreign ownership in entities that provide value-added telecommunication services, with certain exceptions. Specifically, foreign ownership of an internet information service provider may not exceed 50%, and the major foreign investor is required to have a record of good performance and operating experience in managing value-added telecommunications business. Accordingly, we operate these businesses in China through the VIE, and rely on contractual arrangements among our PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and its shareholders to control the business operations of the VIE. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, revenues contributed by the variable interest entities in China were 0.18%, 0.34% and 0.46% of our total revenues, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, third-party revenues contributed by the variable interest entities were RMB3.6 million, RMB9.4 million and RMB16.4 million, respectively, and the inter-company service charges by the variable interest entities to WFOEs were RMB288.6 million, RMB406.7 million and RMB103.9 million, respectively. As used in this annual report, “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Smart Share Global Limited, its subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing our operations and consolidated financial information, the variable interest entities in China from time to time, including Shanghai Zhixiang and the other variable interest entity that had no significant operations, nor any material assets or liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021. Investors in our ADSs are not purchasing equity interest in the VIE in China but instead are purchasing equity interest in a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands.

A series of contractual agreements, including proxy agreements, equity interest pledge agreement, exclusive business cooperation agreement, exclusive asset subscription agreement, exclusive call option agreement, and spousal consent letter have been entered into by and among our PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and its shareholders. As a result of the contractual arrangements, our company is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE for accounting purposes and consolidates the VIE as required by Accounting Standards Codification topic 801, Consolidation. Accordingly, we treat the VIE as our consolidated entity under U.S. GAAP and we consolidate the financial results of the VIE in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The shareholders of Shanghai Zhixiang, the VIE, are directors or members of senior management of our company. We consider such individuals suitable to act as the shareholders of the VIE because of, among other considerations, their contribution to us, their competence and their length of service with and loyalty to us. For more details of these contractual arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure—Contractual Arrangements with The VIE and Its Shareholders.”

However, the contractual arrangements may not be as effective as direct ownership in providing us with control over the VIE and we may incur substantial costs to enforce the terms of the arrangements. Uncertainties in the PRC legal system may limit the ability of our company, as a Cayman Islands holding company, to enforce these contractual arrangements. Meanwhile, there are very few precedents as to whether contractual arrangements would be judged to form effective control over the relevant variable interest entities through the contractual arrangements, or how contractual arrangements in the context of a variable interest entity should be interpreted or enforced by the PRC courts. Should legal actions become necessary, we cannot guarantee that the court will rule in favor of the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIE. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over the VIE, and our ability to conduct our business may be materially adversely affected. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and its respective shareholders for our operations in China, which may not be as effective in providing operational control as direct ownership.”

Moreover, the shareholders of Shanghai Zhixiang also own the majority of the voting shares of our Company. The enforceability, and therefore the benefits of, the VIE contractual agreements between our Company and Shanghai Zhixiang depend on those individuals enforcing the contracts. There is a risk that the benefits of ownership between our company and Shanghai Zhixiang may not be aligned in the future and they may fail to perform their contractual obligations, which would have a significant negative impact to our company. Our operations depend on Shanghai Zhixiang to honor its VIE contractual agreements with us and our company’s ability to control Shanghai Zhixiang also depends on the authorization by the shareholders of Shanghai Zhixiang to exercise voting rights on all matters requiring shareholder approval in Shanghai Zhixiang. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—The shareholders of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.”

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There are also substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules regarding the status of the rights of our company with respect to its contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they would provide. If we or the VIE is found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures. If the PRC government deems that our contractual arrangements with the VIE does not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Our company, our PRC subsidiaries and VIE, and investors of our company face uncertainty about potential future actions by the PRC government that could affect the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIE and, consequently, significantly affect the financial performance of the VIE and our company as a whole. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating some of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the PRC Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.”

Other Risks related to our PRC Operations

We face various risks and uncertainties related to doing business in China. Our business operations are primarily conducted in China, and we are subject to complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations. For example, we face risks associated with regulatory approvals on offshore offerings and oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy, which may impact our ability to conduct certain businesses, accept foreign investments, or list on a United States or other foreign exchange. We also face risks associated with the lack of inspection by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, on our auditors as discussed under “—The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act.” These risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to continue to offer securities to investors, or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. For a detailed description of Risks Relating to doing business in China, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China.”

PRC government’s significant authority in regulating our operations and its oversight and control over offerings conducted overseas by, and foreign investment in, China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors. Implementation of industry-wide regulations in this nature may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—The PRC government’s significant oversight over our business operation could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs.”

Risks and uncertainties arising from the legal system in China, including risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and quickly evolving rules and regulations in China, could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors— Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws and regulations could limit the legal protections available to you and us.”

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The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act

The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCAA states that if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit our shares or ADSs from being traded on a national securities exchange. Since our auditor is located in China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB has been unable to conduct inspections without the approval of the Chinese authorities, our auditor is not currently inspected by the PCAOB, which may impact our ability to remain listed on a United States or other foreign exchange. Furthermore, on December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments implementing the disclosure and submission requirements under the HFCAA, pursuant to which the SEC will identify a “Commission-Identified Issuer” if an issuer has filed an annual report containing an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in the foreign jurisdiction, and will then impose a trading prohibition on an issuer after it is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years. We expect to be identified as a “Commission Identified Issuer” shortly after the filing of this annual report on Form 20-F. The related risks and uncertainties could cause the value of our ADSs to significantly decline. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—The PCAOB is currently unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements and the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections over our auditor deprives our investors with the benefits of such inspections,” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—Our ADSs will be prohibited from trading in the United States under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, in 2024 if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or fully investigate auditors located in China, or in 2023 if proposed changes to the law are enacted. The delisting of our ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.”

Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for Our Operations

We conduct our business primarily through our PRC subsidiaries and VIE in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. As of the date of this annual report, our PRC subsidiaries and VIE have obtained the requisite licenses and permits from the PRC government authorities that are material for our business operations in China, including, among others, the value-added telecommunication business license. Given the uncertainties of interpretation and implementation of relevant laws and regulations and the enforcement practice by relevant government authorities, we may be required to obtain additional licenses, permits, filings or approvals for the functions and services of our platform in the future.

Furthermore, under current PRC laws, regulations and regulatory rules, we, our PRC subsidiaries and the VIE may be required to fulfill filing procedures and obtain approval from the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, in connection with offering and listing in an overseas market and may be required to go through cybersecurity review by the Cyberspace Administration of China, or the CAC.

As of the date of this annual report, we have not been subject to any cybersecurity review by the CAC. If we fail to obtain the relevant approval or complete other filing procedures for any future offshore offering or listing, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities, which may include fines and penalties on our operations in China, limitations on our operating privileges in China, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our subsidiaries in China, restrictions on or delays to our future financing transactions offshore, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs. For more detailed information, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—The approval of or filing with the China Securities Regulatory Commission may be required in connection with our offshore offerings under PRC law, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or for how long we will be able to obtain such approval or complete such filing.” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Our business is subject to complex and evolving Chinese and other applicable laws and regulations regarding cybersecurity, information security, privacy and data protection. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and any failure or perceived failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in claims, changes to our business practices, negative publicity, legal proceedings, increased cost of operations, or declines in user growth or engagement, or otherwise harm our business.”

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Cash Flows through Our Organization

We have established stringent controls and procedures for cash flows within our organization. Each transfer of cash between our company and a subsidiary or a VIE is subject to internal approval. The cash inflows of our company were primarily generated from the proceeds we received from our public offerings of ordinary shares and other financing activities. Smart Share Global Limited transfers cash to its wholly-owned Hong Kong subsidiaries, by making capital contributions or providing loans, and the Hong Kong subsidiaries transfer cash to the subsidiaries in China by making capital contributions or providing loans to them. Because Smart Share Global Limited and its subsidiaries control the variable interest entities through contractual arrangements, Smart Share Global Limited and its subsidiaries are not able to make direct capital contribution to the variable interest entities. However, Smart Share Global Limited and its subsidiaries may transfer cash to the variable interest entities by loans or by making payment to the variable interest entities for inter-group transactions. In 2019, 2020 and 2021, Smart Share Global Limited, through its intermediate holding company, provided capital contribution of RMB119.4 million, RMB178.2 million and RMB1,005.0 million, respectively, to its subsidiaries in China. In 2019, 2020 and 2021, Smart Share Global Limited did not provide loans to its subsidiaries in China. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, no assets other than cash were transferred between our company and our PRC subsidiaries and the variable interest entities, no subsidiaries paid dividends or made other distributions to Smart Share Global Limited, and no dividends or distributions were paid or made to U.S. investors. Pursuant to the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement between our wholly-owned PRC subsidiary and the respective variable interest entity and its shareholders, the amount of consultancy and service fees should be mutually agreed in each quarterly bill according to the amount and commercial value of the services provided to the variable interest entity. However, our WFOEs may adjust the standard of consultancy and service fees according to the amount and content of services provided. According to the existing VIE agreements, for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, the amount of consultancy and service fees paid by variable interest entities to WFOEs were nil, RMB37.3 million and RMB18.3 million, respectively. In 2019, 2020 and 2021, our subsidiaries in China did not provide loans to the variable interest entities. In 2019, 2020 and 2021, our subsidiaries in China paid RMB108.6 million, RMB124.2 million and RMB88.0 million, respectively, to the variable interest entities for intra-group transactions. If there is any amount payable to relevant WFOEs under the VIE agreements, the variable interest entities will settle the amount accordingly. For details of the financial position, cash flows and results of operations of the variable interest entities, see “Item 3. Key Information—A. [Reserved]—Financial Information Related to The Variable Interest Entities”, “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects—A. Operating Results” and “Item 18. Financial Statements” of this annual report on Form 20-F.

As a Cayman Islands holding company, our company may receive dividends from our PRC subsidiaries. Under the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC, or the EIT Law, and related regulations, dividends, interests, rent or royalties payable by a foreign-invested enterprise, such as our PRC subsidiaries, to any of its foreign non-resident enterprise investors, and proceeds from any such foreign enterprise investor’s disposition of assets (after deducting the net value of such assets) are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless the foreign enterprise investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a reduced rate of withholding tax. Hong Kong has a tax arrangement with China that provides for a 5% withholding tax on dividends subject to certain conditions and requirements, such as the requirement that the Hong Kong resident enterprise own at least 25% of the PRC enterprise distributing the dividend at all times within the 12-month period immediately preceding the distribution of dividends and be a “beneficial owner” of the dividends. Smart Share International Limited, which directly owns our PRC subsidiaries, Zhixiang Investment WFOE, Zhicheng WFOE and Zhixiang WFOE, is incorporated in Hong Kong. However, if Smart Share International Limited is not considered to be the beneficial owner of the dividends paid to it by Zhixiang Investment WFOE, Zhicheng WFOE and Zhixiang WFOE under the tax circulars promulgated in February and October 2009, such dividends would be subject to withholding tax at a rate of 10%. If our PRC subsidiaries declare and distribute profits to us, such payments will be subject to withholding tax, which will increase our tax liability and reduce the amount of cash available to our company. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.” for more details. If our holding company in the Cayman Islands or any of our subsidiaries outside of China were deemed to be a “resident enterprise” under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, it would be subject to enterprise income tax on its worldwide income at a rate of 25%. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.”

For purposes of illustration, the following discussion reflects the hypothetical taxes that might be required to be paid within China, assuming that: (i) our company has taxable earnings, and (ii) our company determines to pay dividends in the future.

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The table above has been prepared under the assumption that all profits of the variable interest entities will be distributed as fees to our PRC subsidiaries under tax neutral contractual arrangements. If, in the future, the accumulated earnings of the variable interest entities exceed the service fees paid to our PRC subsidiaries (or if the current and contemplated fee structure between the intercompany entities is determined to be non-substantive and disallowed by Chinese tax authorities), the variable interest entities could make a non-deductible transfer to our PRC subsidiaries for the amounts of the stranded cash in the variable interest entities. This would result in such transfer being non-deductible expenses for the variable interest entities but still taxable income for the PRC subsidiaries. Such a transfer and the related tax burdens would reduce our after-tax income to approximately 50.6% of the pre-tax income. Our management believes that there is only a remote possibility that this scenario would happen.

Under PRC laws and regulations, we are subject to restrictions on foreign exchange and cross-border cash transfers, including to U.S. investors. For instance, under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. Our ability to distribute earnings to our company and U.S. investors is also limited. Our company is a Cayman Islands holding company and may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries, which in turn relies on consultancy, service and other fees paid to our company by the variable interest entities, for its cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to its shareholders and service any debt we may incur. When any of our PRC subsidiaries incurs debt on its own behalf, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.

Our subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends is based upon their distributable earnings. Current PRC regulations permit our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to their respective shareholders only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, each of our PRC subsidiaries and the variable interest entities is required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund a statutory reserve until such reserve reaches 50% of its registered capital. Each of such entities in China is also required to further set aside a portion of its after-tax profits to fund the employee welfare fund, although the amount to be set aside, if any, is determined at the discretion of its board of directors. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.

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In addition, our PRC subsidiaries and the variable interest entities generate their revenue primarily in Renminbi, which is not freely convertible into other currencies. As a result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us. For more details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.” and “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our securities offering to make loans or additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries and the VIE, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.”

A.[Reserved]

The following selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2020 and 2021, and selected consolidated statements of cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. Our selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements which are not included in this annual report. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP. Despite the lack of legal majority ownership, our Cayman Island holding company is considered the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entities and consolidates the variable interest entities and their respective subsidiaries as required by Accounting Standards Codification topic 810, Consolidation. Accordingly, we treat the variable interest entities as our consolidated entities under U.S. GAAP and we consolidate the financial results of the variable interest entities in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

You should read this Selected Consolidated Financial Data section together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes in conjunction with “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” included elsewhere in this annual report. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our results expected for future periods.

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The following table presents our selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

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The following table presents our selected consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

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The following table presents our selected consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021.

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Financial Information Related to The Variable Interest Entities

The following table presents the condensed consolidating schedule of financial position for the variable interest entities including those which had no significant operations, nor any material assets or liabilities, and other entities for the periods and/or as of the dates presented.

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Selected Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations Data Information

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